In today's age categories, the problem of vision damage (rapid development of various ophthalmic diseases) is very acute. Everything for the negligent attitude of health care and overloading the body of vision. Computers, tablets, phones, televisions and E -books - all of these can not only simplify life but also vice versa.
Fortunately, science does not exist, and the diseases that have previously failed the treatment can now eliminate almost without consequences and complications.
Laser vision correction
Laser vision correction is not only to leave the glasses and contact lenses, but also the only effective and safe method for preserving vision in old age.
The benefits of this procedure are:
- Security. A relatively low probability of the development of serious complications.
- Effectiveness of all violations. The operation is performed not only to improve vision and to get rid of optics. In some cases, laser correction cannot be alienated (this applies to diseases leading to blindness).
- Painless. Before the start of the procedure, the patient was buried in an anesthetic drug, so the patient has an easy discomfort at certain stages of surgical intervention.
- Continuity. The procedure itself takes a minute, spending the main time to prepare for it.
- Brief recovery period. In this case, there is no need for planning in the hospital. The procedure is carried out on an outpatient basis and after the patient can go home.
- Stability and predictability. The previous doctor is almost always known to the doctor. The result lasts for a long time (the exception may be the presence of progressive myopia in the patient).
The choice of a specialist and the scene of the operation always remain behind the patient. The price of the procedure and the services of the doctor may differ in private clinics. Its formation is influenced by many factors. Therefore, it is worth spending time to find information and clarify all the questions that are of interest.
Types of surgery
There are many corrective methods. Each has its own benefits and disadvantages. List of types of laser repair:
- laser (subepithelial) keratomysis;
- Photo refraction keratctomy;
- Femtosecond lkz.
The photo refraction keratectomy (Federal Migration Service) was first spent in Germany a few decades ago. Using this procedure, the cornea exposure to a jumping laser. The testimony of leadership is astigmatism, myopia and far -sighted.
The major disadvantage of the photo -reaction keratectomy is a long and unpleasant recovery period. In addition, the vision after the procedure does not return immediately, but gradually complications are possible. Therefore, they only turn to it if other modern and more effective methods are contraindicated.
Laser subepithelial keratomyolsis (lasek). Unlike the previous method, during surgery, the surface cornea layer does not occur, it only switches to the side. The recovery period lasts less than the federal migration service.
Laser ceratomylezis (Lasik). Currently, this is the safest and most effective method of vision. The recovery period is short and vision improves in the first hour after surgery.
Femtosecond Lec (Femo Lasik) is one of the modifications of the LASIK method that promotes perfect results. The risks decrease, the vision returns and the rehabilitation period does not last long. In addition, this method has fewer contraindications than the usual laser repair. The procedure can be done even for patients with "dry eye syndrome".
There are other modifications to the main methods. The choice of the most appropriate method is performed by the doctor in a particular position.
Signs and contraindications
Laser vision correction, like any other procedure, has its own indication and contraindication. The signals are divided into two types: medical and professional.
Medical indication of laser vision correction The presence of such violations in one eye (the other well):
- Far vision;
- Astigmatism;
- Myopia.
Professional signs (specialties where you have inappropriate lenses or glasses):
- firefighters;
- police;
- military;
- People working in the industrial sphere (places with lots of dust, smoke and other harmful factors).
Contraindications are relative and absolute. Absolutely includes:
- Autoimmune pathologies;
- immune deficiency;
- Diseases affecting processes and post -surgery healing rates;
- Just the presence of an eye in the patient;
- myopia (progressive);
- Herpes virus infection;
- retinal separation;
- Thinning of the cornea.
List of relative contraindications:
- Diabetes mellitus;
- psychoses;
- Pregnancy of breastfeeding;
- Heart problems in the patient (presence of pacemaker);
- Ophthalmic ophthalmic diseases;
- scars in the cornea (shell);
- Changes in the retina and fundus.
The operation is strictly forbidden by the management of people who have not reached the age of 18. The reason for this is physiological properties (not fully made up of the eyeball).
Preparation for laser correction
When the operation to restore vision is already assigned, the ophthalmologist recommends performing a number of tests and followed certain rules. You may also need consultation with other professionals: therapist, endocrinologist, cardiologist, etc.
Analysis to be performed before the procedure:
- General blood test;
- General urine analysis;
- HIV analysis;
- Analysis of syphilis;
- hepatitis analysis;
- Koagulogogram.
List of recommendations very important for entering surgical intervention:
- Stop wearing contact lenses (this should be done one -week before surgery);
- Rejection of alcoholic beverages and alcoholic drugs before the proceedings;
- Put yourself in order before the procedure;
- On the day of the designated date, breakfast should be easy;
- Before surgery, it is impossible to apply makeup and perfumes to the body;
- You need to buy and carry sunglasses (after the procedure and during the recovery period);
- We recommend that you take a close person to improve the laser vision of vision, who will remember all the recommendations of the doctor for post -surgery and help you get home and first take care of the patient.
Compliance with these conditions is very important as the success of the procedure and the end result depend on it.
How is the procedure performed
Almost all types of laser correction are carried out in 3 main stages. If we are talking about the most effective, most popular and demanded Lasik procedure, then this is as follows:
- The first stage. The laser or microcarath creates a wing on the cornea surface and takes it to the side.
- The second stage. The shape of the cornea changes with a laser leaf (this must comply with the patient's unique parameters).
- The third stage. The wing returns to the starting position and picked up.
Many have heard that patients close their eyes during surgery. There are times when the patient wakes up during the procedure and trauma is possible. In this situation, the eyes are not closed during the laser correction, as the anesthetic drops are inserted before the procedure and the operation itself takes only a few minutes, so such measures are too much.
Post -operation period
The postoperative period takes place in each other. However, after the laser correction of Lasik, the patient feels improvement in the early days and does not feel much discomfort.
After surgery, all possible complications need to be clarified again, exciting questions and listening to the main recommendations.
The approximate list of actions during the postoperative period (the duration of this period depends on many factors):
- You can only sleep on your back;
- You need to visit an ophthalmologist's visit to the set dates;
- After surgery, sunglasses should be put on the street (protect dust, infection and small particles in the eyes);
- Cannot touch your hands in the working place;
- The prescribed drugs should be used strictly in time and in the specified quantities;
- It is better not to wash your head in the first days after surgery;
- Wash only with purified or cooked water;
- You should leave the use of care and decorative cosmetics for a while;
- It is important to have a moderate physical effort for a while (the doctor should report the end of restrictions at the reception after the examination);
- You cannot visit saunas, pools and other public places where you can catch the infection;
- Reduce the load on the eye (refusing to read, watch TV, long -term use of phones and tablets);
- It is strictly forbidden to drive the car during the postoperative period;
- If it hurts or causes severe discomfort, you should contact a specialist.
There are some nutritional recommendations. Because laser correction remains surgery and therefore some stress for the body, you should eat correctly.
As with all other times, food should be useful and contain the necessary vitamins. To improve vision, it is recommended to eat fruits and vegetables rich in vitamin A and C.
They are appropriate for this:
- Fruits and berries: blueberries, apricots, peaches, kiwi, etc. ;
- Vegetables: broccoli, carrots, tomatoes, pumpkin;
- dairy products (cottage cheese);
- Fish: salmon, mackerel;
- Meat: chicken, rabbit, turkey;
- Internal (kidneys and liver);
- Egg (egg yolk).
During the postoperative period, alcohol consumption is strictly prohibited and it is advisable to leave smoking.If health is worsening in the first few weeks after surgery and requires additional medications, the doctor should be mentioned on recent laser repair.
The risk and consequences of the operation
Although laser correction does not, in principle, do not exercise a serious threat, there are situations where there are still complications and they are not good enough. The talmologist and the patient who agrees with the operation should be mentioned at the reception and should be ready for the potential risks.
List of potential complications occurring during the operation:
- Horn peel can be blurred;
- Visual acuity may decrease;
- The picture may double;
- Astigmatism develops.
Such problems may arise for a variety of reasons: lack of experience and professionalism at the doctor, improperly selected tools or methods of correcting, technical reasons, etc.
Complications occurring after surgery:
- swelling, inflammatory process, itching, pain and burns;
- allergic reaction to drugs;
- lack of improvement or deterioration;
- Blindness (caused by individual intolerance).
There are many problems that do not occur immediately, but at the time after surgery:
- the return of ophthalmic diseases (abbreviation for therapeutic effect);
- dry eye syndrome;
- Pathological processes affecting the cornea (keratoconus, erosion, etc. ).
The method of laser correction is both advantages and disadvantages. Everyone decides this procedure or not. In some cases, it helps to improve the quality of life (allows you to walk without glasses and lenses) and sometimes save on total blindness.
Surgical operations
Despite the high popularity of laser correction, there are situations where you simply cannot do it without any other microsurgery. The blindness of glaucoma, cataracts and various retinal patients is saved. And it has many advantages and disadvantages.
To overcome cataracts, the lens and its replacement with lenses are removed. Micro -surgery can also deal with retina diseases. To do this, doctors fully fit the tissues (subject) or remove the scars and tissue from the glassy body with signs of pathological changes. Glaucoma is obtained by surgery to restore organ balance.
Such procedures (surgical interventions) are widely used: :
- keratoplasty (through this procedure, the function and shape of the cornea is restored);
- scleroplasty (an operation that helps to suspend progressive myopia);
- Implantation of lenses (Fakid): Far -sighted and myopia set;
- Vitrectomy (this procedure eliminates the abnormal processes of retina)
- Lensectomy (during surgery, the lens is removed and replaced with an intraocular lens).
Operational ophthalmic intervention can be crazy or superficial. The laser correction applies to the surface type and an operation to remove cataracts.
The surgical intervention saves when laser correction is prohibited or is unable to cope with a serious ophthalmic disease (cataract, glaucoma, etc. ).Therefore, if your doctor insists on the surgical way of fighting the disease, you should trust it.
Treatment of ophthalmic diseases is rarely cheap, and this is not due to the fact that doctors make as much money as possible. The reason for this is the high cost of the material and the equipment to carry out the treatment. The eternal question is also a decision to choose a clinic: private or state. In this case, it's hard to guess. The doctor from the state clinic has more experience and performs all procedures effectively and confidently, and the physician from the private clinic has several prerequisites for successful work (modern equipment). Some doctors work at the same time in both the private and the state clinic, so they do not have to focus on the price of services. The presence of positive opinions and recommendations is more important.